SEJARAH PERKEMBANGAN TAFSIR, TAFSIR KLASIK, PERTENGAHAN DAN KONTEMPORER

Abstrak

Qur'anic exegesis (tafsir) is an important branch of Islamic scholarship that aims to explain and interpret the meanings, messages, and guidance contained in the Qur'an. The development of tafsir has evolved dynamically throughout history in response to changing social, cultural, intellectual, and scientific contexts. This study aims to examine the historical development of Qur'anic exegesis from the classical, medieval, and contemporary periods. The research employs a library research method by analyzing various scholarly sources related to the history and development of tafsir. The findings reveal that classical tafsir was primarily characterized by a transmitted approach (tafsir bi al-ma’thur), relying on the Qur'an, Hadith, and the interpretations of the Companions and Successors. During the medieval period, tafsir expanded into various orientations, including jurisprudential, theological, philosophical, and mystical interpretations, influenced by the advancement of Islamic civilization and intellectual traditions. In the contemporary period, tafsir has undergone methodological renewal through contextual and interdisciplinary approaches that address modern issues such as human rights, democracy, environmental concerns, and technological developments. These developments demonstrate that tafsir remains a dynamic and adaptive discipline while maintaining the fundamental principles of Islamic teachings. Therefore, understanding the historical development of tafsir is essential for comprehending the evolution of Islamic thought and the continuing relevance of the Qur'an in addressing contemporary challenges.